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Loch_An_Druim

record_comment: Lake
site: Loch An Druim
country: UK
region: Scotland
latitude: 58.283000946045
longitude: -4.4018001556396
elevation: 25
record: Loch_An_Druim
site_type: Terrestrial

Data series

QUEST662/112_Majors

series: QUEST662/112_Majors
series_type: Tephra_Sample_Majors
sample: QUEST662/112
context: An Druim
tephra_type: distal
tephra_deposit: fall
material: ash
collected_by: quest
volc_region: EVZ
volcano: Torfajökull
eruption: An Druim

	labcode	batch	instrument	SiO2	TiO2	Al2O3	FeOt	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na2O	K2O	P2O5	Cl	F	total	ok
	QUEST662/112/01	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	72.28	0.18	11.91	2.85	0.06	0.07	0.36	5.34	4.52	0	0	0	97.57	1
	QUEST662/112/02	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.67	0.16	12.25	3.03	0.07	0.07	0.35	5.65	4.18	0	0	0	96.43	1
	QUEST662/112/03	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.8	0.15	12.33	2.75	0.08	0.08	0.38	5.39	4.41	0	0	0	96.36	1
	QUEST662/112/04	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	71.19	0.16	12.11	2.7	0.13	0.06	0.35	5.34	4.29	0	0	0	96.32	1
	QUEST662/112/05	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.58	0.09	13.09	2.42	0.15	0.08	0.29	5.35	4.19	0	0	0	96.24	1
	QUEST662/112/06	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	71.43	0.13	11.87	2.84	0.08	0.06	0.35	5.07	4.27	0	0	0	96.09	1
	QUEST662/112/07	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.65	0.17	11.9	2.9	0.07	0.07	0.38	5.36	4.45	0	0	0	95.96	1
	QUEST662/112/08	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.8	0.17	11.72	2.96	0.08	0.04	0.38	5.37	4.44	0	0	0	95.95	1
	QUEST662/112/09	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	71.05	0.16	11.83	2.88	0.1	0.05	0.37	5.09	4.33	0	0	0	95.85	1
	QUEST662/112/10	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.94	0.16	11.62	2.77	0.12	0.08	0.41	5.46	4.26	0	0	0	95.82	1
	QUEST662/112/11	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.71	0.12	12.02	2.59	0.12	0.04	0.4	4.84	4.43	0	0	0	95.27	1
	QUEST662/112/12	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.81	0.17	11.79	2.96	0	0.06	0.4	4.88	4.16	0	0	0	95.22	1
	QUEST662/112/13	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.16	0.17	12.02	2.56	0.07	0.04	0.35	5.17	4.48	0	0	0	95	1

QUEST662/131_Majors

series: QUEST662/131_Majors
series_type: Tephra_Sample_Majors
sample: QUEST662/131
context: Borrobol
tephra_type: distal
tephra_deposit: fall
material: ash
collected_by: quest
volc_region: Iceland
volcano: Iceland_volcanoes
eruption: Borrobol

	labcode	batch	instrument	SiO2	TiO2	Al2O3	FeOt	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na2O	K2O	P2O5	Cl	F	total	ok
	QUEST662/131/01	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	74.59	0.1	12.76	1.37	0	0.08	0.73	4.05	3.66	0	0	0	97.34	1
	QUEST662/131/02	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	72.93	0.11	12.97	1.2	0.02	0.06	0.82	4.57	3.38	0	0	0	96.06	1
	QUEST662/131/03	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	73.45	0.11	12.32	1.49	0.1	0.07	0.75	4	3.68	0	0	0	95.97	1
	QUEST662/131/04	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	72.88	0.13	12.44	1.51	0.02	0.08	0.76	4.08	3.95	0	0	0	95.85	1
	QUEST662/131/05	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	73.95	0.09	12.34	1.37	0	0.07	0.74	3.63	3.47	0	0	0	95.66	1
	QUEST662/131/06	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	73.3	0.09	12.23	1.4	0.03	0.1	0.77	3.98	3.58	0	0	0	95.47	1
	QUEST662/131/07	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	72.52	0.12	12.38	1.48	0.05	0.1	0.76	4	3.96	0	0	0	95.38	1
	QUEST662/131/08	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	73.08	0.09	11.88	1.51	0.06	0.07	0.75	4.04	3.89	0	0	0	95.37	1
	QUEST662/131/09	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	72.65	0.11	12.38	1.51	0.02	0.04	0.77	3.95	3.9	0	0	0	95.34	1
	QUEST662/131/10	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	72.74	0.12	12.28	1.4	0.05	0.07	0.72	4.02	3.8	0	0	0	95.2	1
	QUEST662/131/11	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	72.56	0.09	12.18	1.53	0.07	0.09	0.73	4.14	3.8	0	0	0	95.2	1
	QUEST662/131/12	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	72.65	0.09	12.42	1.46	0.03	0.07	0.75	3.97	3.67	0	0	0	95.1	1

QUEST662/3_Majors

series: QUEST662/3_Majors
series_type: Tephra_Sample_Majors
sample: QUEST662/3
context: Vedde ash
tephra_type: distal
tephra_deposit: fall
material: ash
collected_by: quest
volc_region: EVZ
volcano: Katla
eruption: Vedde Ash

	labcode	batch	instrument	SiO2	TiO2	Al2O3	FeOt	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na2O	K2O	P2O5	Cl	F	total	ok
	QUEST662/3/01	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	70.97	0.27	13.48	3.83	0.23	0.23	1.34	4.66	3.47	0	0	0	98.47	1
	QUEST662/3/02	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	69.99	0.23	12.99	3.72	0.16	0.18	1.36	5.11	3.53	0	0	0	97.28	1
	QUEST662/3/03	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	69.77	0.28	13.21	3.47	0.18	0.24	1.3	5.22	3.55	0	0	0	97.22	1
	QUEST662/3/04	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	69.37	0.32	13.29	3.8	0.12	0.19	1.29	5.34	3.31	0	0	0	97.03	1
	QUEST662/3/05	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	69.7	0.21	13.06	3.87	0.14	0.21	1.27	4.89	3.4	0	0	0	96.75	1
	QUEST662/3/06	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	68.34	0.2	13.26	3.92	0.19	0.21	1.31	4.96	3.45	0	0	0	95.85	1
	QUEST662/3/07	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	68.69	0.29	12.81	3.7	0.06	0.21	1.32	5.15	3.42	0	0	0	95.65	1
	QUEST662/3/08	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	68.36	0.27	13.12	3.88	0.23	0.2	1.33	4.98	3.28	0	0	0	95.64	1
	QUEST662/3/09	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	68.59	0.23	12.93	3.57	0.06	0.22	1.23	5.34	3.37	0	0	0	95.54	1
	QUEST662/3/10	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	68.43	0.23	13	3.69	0.13	0.23	1.29	5.03	3.37	0	0	0	95.38	1
	QUEST662/3/11	QUEST-23	QUEST-WDS	69.75	0.28	12.95	3.87	0.1	0.23	1.3	3.34	3.16	0	0	0	94.97	1

Tephras

series: Tephras
series_type: Tephras

	z	z_range	t	t_sigma	sample	volc_region	volcano	eruption	ref
			-7609.5	40	QUEST662/112	EVZ	Torfajökull	An Druim	doi:10.1002/jqs.910
			-12094.5	95	QUEST662/131	Iceland	Iceland_volcanoes	Borrobol	doi:10.1002/jqs.910
			-10170.5	1	QUEST662/3	EVZ	Katla	Vedde Ash	doi:10.1002/jqs.910

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=reset/Loch_An_Druim

Torfajökull

record_comment: Stratovolcano; East volcanic zone (EVZ), terminology after Thordarson & Larsen (2007)
site: Torfajökull
country: Iceland
region: EVZ
latitude: 63.919998168945
longitude: -19.170000076294
record: Torfajökull
site_type: Volcano

Data series

Eruptions

series: Eruptions
series_type: Volc_Eruptions

	eruption	eruption_type	t	t_sigma	t_source	ref	notes
	Landnam (silicic)	Sub-Plinian	871.5	1	GICC05	doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00145-3	c. AD 871 ± 2 (GRIP). The Landnám tephra layer is characterised by two distinct tephra components: a lower rhyolitic tephra layer which is overlain by a basaltic tephra layer. Both of these were deposited following the ~AD 871 Vatnaöldur eruption which saw simultaneous eruptions of the basaltic Veidivötn-Bárðarbunga volcanic system and the silicic Torfajökull complex.
	Hoy	Plinian	-4399.5	50		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. 4400 BC radiocarbon (Hall & Pilcher 2002).
	Lairg B / Torfajökull 4700 BC	Plinian	-4694.5	41		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. 4774-4677 cal BC 14C wiggle-match (Pilcher et al. 1996; Hall & Pilcher 2002).
	An Druim	Plinian	-7609.5	40	IntCal09	doi:10.1002/jqs.910	c. 9633-9488 yr cal BP by Turney et al. (2006). Ranner et al. (2005) cites at age of 8590 ± 50 14C yr BP, which calibrates to 9671-9490 yr cal BP (2 sigma).
	Ashik ash	Plinian	-8449.5	300		doi:10.1002/jqs.1066	position below the Saksunarvatn tephra and above the Vedde Ash indicates an early Holocene age. Pyne-O'Donnell (2007) places it above the Pre-Boreal Oscillation.
	Torfajökull AD1477	Ultra-Plinian	1477.5	1	Calendar	doi:10.1191/095968399669624108	AD 1477 historical (the eruption was triggered by rifting within the Veidivotn volcanic system). Sometimes called Veidivotn AD1477. Larsen (1984) suggests an age of 1480 ± 11.
	Gullbergby tephra	Plinian	-749.5	100		doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.030	c. 2700 cal yr BP interpolated (Wastegard 2005)
	Høvdarhagi tephra	Plinian	-7774.5	125	IntCal09	doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.05.014	14C modeled age of 9850-9600 yr cal BP (Lind & Wastegard 2011).

Lairg B / Torfajökull 4700 BC_Distribution

series: Lairg B / Torfajökull 4700 BC_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: Lairg B / Torfajökull 4700 BC

	site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
	Toome	UK	-6.461790085	54.75170135		Terrestrial	QUEST632/75	distal	fall	ash			quest

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=reset/Torfajökull

Publications

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bibtex

Grönvold, K., Óskarsson, N., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., Hammer, C.U., Bond, G. and Bard, E. (1995) Ash layers from Iceland in the Greenland GRIP ice core correlated with oceanic and land sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 135(1-4), pp.149-155. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00145-3 data publication
Hall, A, V. and Pilcher, J.R. (2002) Late-Quaternary Icelandic tephras in Ireland and Great Britain: detection, characterization and usefulness. The Holocene, 12(2), pp.223-230. doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr data publication
Larsen, G., Dugmore, A. and Newton, A. (1999) Geochemistry of historical-age silicic tephras in Iceland. The Holocene, 9(4), pp.463-471. doi:10.1191/095968399669624108 data publication
Lind, E.M. and Wastegard, S. (2011) Tephra horizons contemporary with short early Holocene climate fluctuations: New results from the Faroe Islands. Quaternary International, 246(1-2), pp.157-167. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.05.014 data publication
Pyne-O'Donnell and Sean D F (2007) Three new distal tephras in sediments spanning the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition in Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 22(6), pp.559-570. doi:10.1002/jqs.1066 data publication
Ranner, P.H., Allen, J.R.M. and Huntley, B. (2005) A new early Holocene cryptotephra from northwest Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 20(3), pp.201-208. doi:10.1002/jqs.910 data publication
Thordarson, Thor and Larsen, G. (2007) Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: Volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history. Journal of Geodynamics, 43(1), pp.118-152. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.005 data publication
Wastegard and Stefan (2005) Late Quaternary tephrochronology of Sweden: a review. Quaternary International, 130(1), pp.49-62. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.030 data publication

Compilation

by: IntChron
url: https://intchron.org
updated: 2025-11-05T20:16:08+00:00
retrieved: 2025-11-05T20:16:08+00:00

schema: https://intchron.org/schema
data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?ref=doi:10.1002/jqs.910

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