IntChron

Records

Glen_West

z_type: depth
record_comment: Peat bog
site: Glen West
country: UK
region: Northern Ireland
latitude: 54.416698455811
longitude: -8.0166702270508
elevation: 90
record: Glen_West
site_type: Terrestrial

Data series

QUEST562/111_Majors

series: QUEST562/111_Majors
series_type: Tephra_Sample_Majors
z: 0.1
z_range: 0.02
sample: QUEST562/111
context: AD860 Layer part B
tephra_type: distal
tephra_deposit: fall
material: ash
collected_by: quest
volc_region: Iceland
volcano: Iceland_volcanoes
eruption: AD860 Layer part B
notes: QUB483; includes 2 outliers

labcode	batch	instrument	SiO2	TiO2	Al2O3	FeOt	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na2O	K2O	P2O5	Cl	F	total	ok
QUEST562/111/01	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	69.95	0.27	14.11	1.55	0	0.47	1.97	4.27	3.14	0	0	0	95.72	1
QUEST562/111/02	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	69.99	0.25	14.17	1.46	0	0.41	1.84	3.94	3.01	0	0	0	95.05	1
QUEST562/111/03	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	70.91	0.26	14.28	1.46	0	0.44	1.92	4.25	2.96	0	0	0	96.48	1
QUEST562/111/04	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.06	0.27	14.48	1.62	0	0.44	1.88	4.32	3.09	0	0	0	97.17	1
QUEST562/111/05	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.07	0.25	14.45	1.46	0	0.42	1.82	4.16	3.2	0	0	0	96.82	1
QUEST562/111/06	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.35	0.27	14.58	1.58	0	0.48	1.98	4.34	3.15	0	0	0	97.73	1
QUEST562/111/07	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.56	0.27	14.74	1.6	0	0.48	1.88	4.21	3	0	0	0	97.73	1
QUEST562/111/08	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.68	0.29	14.6	1.63	0	0.45	1.93	4.25	3.08	0	0	0	97.9	1
QUEST562/111/09	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.19	0.26	14.58	1.54	0	0.46	2.01	4.31	3.09	0	0	0	98.45	1
QUEST562/111/10	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.42	0.29	14.64	1.55	0	0.42	1.95	4.18	3.05	0	0	0	98.49	1
QUEST562/111/11	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.52	0.27	14.74	1.56	0	0.44	2.05	4.32	3.03	0	0	0	98.92	1
QUEST562/111/12	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.53	0.3	14.57	1.51	0	0.46	1.97	4.45	3.2	0	0	0	98.98	1
QUEST562/111/13	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.73	0.31	14.73	1.57	0	0.46	1.93	4.41	3.1	0	0	0	99.25	1
QUEST562/111/14	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.9	0.3	14.54	1.5	0	0.4	1.93	4.43	3.09	0	0	0	99.08	1
QUEST562/111/15out	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	67.79	0.97	13.89	4.82	0	0.74	2.19	4.61	3.11	0	0	0	99.13	1
QUEST562/111/16out	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	69.26	0.82	14.34	4.78	0	0.69	2.05	4.56	3.2	0	0	0	99.71	1

QUEST562/112_Majors

series: QUEST562/112_Majors
series_type: Tephra_Sample_Majors
z: 1.035
z_range: 0.01
sample: QUEST562/112
context: OMH-185 (Barnsmore)
tephra_type: distal
tephra_deposit: fall
material: ash
collected_by: quest
volc_region: Iceland
volcano: Iceland_volcanoes
eruption: OMH-185 (Barnsmore)
notes: QUB473; 2 populations and 2 outliers

labcode	batch	instrument	SiO2	TiO2	Al2O3	FeOt	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na2O	K2O	P2O5	Cl	F	total	ok
QUEST562/112/01pop1	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	69.68	0.21	12.33	1.28	0	0.16	0.9	2.87	3.97	0	0	0	91.39	1
QUEST562/112/02pop1	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	70.58	0.23	12.28	1.54	0	0.1	0.95	2.78	3.92	0	0	0	92.38	1
QUEST562/112/03pop1	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	70.65	0.19	12.24	1.55	0	0.1	0.84	3.66	3.95	0	0	0	93.17	1
QUEST562/112/04pop1	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	70.69	0.19	12.13	1.26	0	0.14	0.94	2.7	4.18	0	0	0	92.23	1
QUEST562/112/05pop1	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.05	0.19	12.12	1.55	0	0.18	0.94	3.81	3.61	0	0	0	94.45	1
QUEST562/112/06pop1	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	73.43	0.23	12.2	1.43	0	0.13	0.96	3.86	3.66	0	0	0	95.9	1
QUEST562/112/07pop2	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	70.98	0.63	12.77	3.02	0	0.45	1.2	3.51	3.83	0	0	0	96.4	1
QUEST562/112/08out	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.96	0.28	13.07	1.22	0	0.33	1.63	4.24	2.76	0	0	0	95.48	1
QUEST562/112/09out	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.33	0.4	12.91	1.56	0	0.34	1.74	4.22	2.54	0	0	0	95.04	1

QUEST562/41_Majors

series: QUEST562/41_Majors
series_type: Tephra_Sample_Majors
z: 0.98
z_range: 0.02
sample: QUEST562/41
context: BMR-190
tephra_type: distal
tephra_deposit: fall
material: ash
collected_by: quest
volc_region: EVZ
volcano: Hekla
eruption: BMR-190
notes: QUB447

labcode	batch	instrument	SiO2	TiO2	Al2O3	FeOt	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na2O	K2O	P2O5	Cl	F	total	ok
QUEST562/41/01	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	62.64	0.73	14.9	8.79	0	0.99	3.77	4.8	1.4	0	0	0	98.02	1
QUEST562/41/02	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	62.99	0.58	17.55	5.7	0	2.16	4.9	4.62	1.17	0	0	0	99.67	1
QUEST562/41/03	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	63.56	0.8	15.42	5.44	0	1.33	4.21	4.49	1.7	0	0	0	96.95	1
QUEST562/41/04	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	64.12	0.66	17.28	4.94	0	0.96	4.66	5.07	1.3	0	0	0	98.98	1
QUEST562/41/05	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	64.27	0.7	15.4	5.36	0	1.36	4.19	4.45	1.52	0	0	0	97.24	1
QUEST562/41/06	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	64.57	0.9	15.58	6.23	0	1.33	4.32	4.34	1.71	0	0	0	99.97	1
QUEST562/41/07	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	64.83	0.82	16.02	6.75	0	1.49	3.86	4.38	1.52	0	0	0	99.66	1
QUEST562/41/08	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.07	0.86	15.68	5.76	0	1.36	4.41	4.74	1.6	0	0	0	99.48	1
QUEST562/41/09	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.22	0.86	15.38	6.31	0	1.32	4.09	4.22	1.5	0	0	0	98.91	1
QUEST562/41/10	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.38	0.82	15.85	5.95	0	1.34	3.59	4.35	1.47	0	0	0	98.73	1
QUEST562/41/11	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.39	0.87	15.54	6.35	0	1.26	4.09	4.61	1.56	0	0	0	99.67	1
QUEST562/41/12	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.41	0.87	15.64	5.84	0	1.34	3.84	4.11	1.7	0	0	0	98.76	1
QUEST562/41/13	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.52	0.8	15.72	5.88	0	1.3	3.6	4.32	1.46	0	0	0	98.59	1
QUEST562/41/14	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.68	0.89	15.27	6.11	0	1.26	4.46	4	1.73	0	0	0	99.39	1
QUEST562/41/15	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.96	0.87	15.47	6.18	0	1.29	4.21	3.78	1.72	0	0	0	99.48	1
QUEST562/41/16	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	66.53	1.04	14.23	7.06	0	1.34	3.85	4.07	1.73	0	0	0	99.85	1
QUEST562/41/17	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	66.87	0.81	15.78	5.49	0	1.31	3.77	4.32	1.51	0	0	0	98.86	1

QUEST562/47_Majors

series: QUEST562/47_Majors
series_type: Tephra_Sample_Majors
z: 1.74
z_range: 0.02
sample: QUEST562/47
context: H4 Hekla
tephra_type: distal
tephra_deposit: fall
material: ash
collected_by: quest
volc_region: EVZ
volcano: Hekla
eruption: H4 Hekla
notes: QUB454; 4 other analyses not entered as they seem to derive from an eruption of Katla

labcode	batch	instrument	SiO2	TiO2	Al2O3	FeOt	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na2O	K2O	P2O5	Cl	F	total	ok
QUEST562/47/01	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.7	0.16	12.99	1.98	0	0	1.56	4.44	2.95	0	0	0	95.78	1
QUEST562/47/02	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	71.86	0.17	12.92	1.84	0	0	1.34	4.43	2.65	0	0	0	95.21	1
QUEST562/47/03	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.34	0.15	13.03	1.87	0	0.04	1.42	4.52	2.62	0	0	0	95.99	1
QUEST562/47/04	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	72.68	0.13	13.15	1.87	0	0.05	1.4	4.32	2.66	0	0	0	99.24	1
QUEST562/47/05	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	73.35	0.19	13.04	1.87	0	0.04	1.41	4.53	2.75	0	0	0	97.18	1
QUEST562/47/06	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	73.41	0.12	12.34	1.61	0	0.04	1.2	3.95	3.46	0	0	0	96.14	1

QUEST562/78_Majors

series: QUEST562/78_Majors
series_type: Tephra_Sample_Majors
z: 1.095
z_range: 0.01
sample: QUEST562/78
context: GB4-150
tephra_type: distal
tephra_deposit: fall
material: ash
collected_by: quest
volc_region: EVZ
volcano: Katla
eruption: GB4-150
notes: QUB493

labcode	batch	instrument	SiO2	TiO2	Al2O3	FeOt	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na2O	K2O	P2O5	Cl	F	total	ok
QUEST562/78/01	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.79	1.47	14.4	5.69	0	1.44	3.45	4.67	2.67	0	0	0	99.58	1
QUEST562/78/02	QUEST-30	QUEST-WDS	65.59	1.5	14.28	5.91	0	1.45	3.67	4.57	2.55	0	0	0	99.52	1

Tephra_Samples

series: Tephra_Samples
series_type: Tephra_Samples

z	z_range	sample	t	t_sigma	context	sector	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	tephra_shards	tephra_shards_abs	volc_region	volcano	eruption	notes
1.095	0.01	QUEST562/78	-777.5	21	GB4-150		distal	fall	ash	9999	0	EVZ	Katla	GB4-150	QUB493
0.1	0.02	QUEST562/111	860.5	20	AD860 Layer part B		distal	fall	ash	9999	0	Iceland	Iceland_volcanoes	AD860 Layer part B	QUB483; includes 2 outliers
0.98	0.02	QUEST562/41	-643.5	60	BMR-190		distal	fall	ash	9999	0	EVZ	Hekla	BMR-190	QUB447
1.74	0.02	QUEST562/47	-2309.5	20	H4 Hekla		distal	fall	ash	9999	0	EVZ	Hekla	H4 Hekla	QUB454; 4 other analyses not entered as they seem to derive from an eruption of Katla
1.035	0.01	QUEST562/112	-716.5	38	OMH-185 (Barnsmore)		distal	fall	ash	9999	0	Iceland	Iceland_volcanoes	OMH-185 (Barnsmore)	QUB473; 2 populations and 2 outliers

Tephras

series: Tephras
series_type: Tephras

z	z_range	t	t_sigma	sample	volc_region	volcano	eruption	ref
0.1	0.02	860.5	20	QUEST562/111	Iceland	Iceland_volcanoes	AD860 Layer part B	doi:10.1191/0959683604hl757rr
1.035	0.01	-716.5	38	QUEST562/112	Iceland	Iceland_volcanoes	OMH-185 (Barnsmore)	doi:10.1191/0959683604hl757rr
0.98	0.02	-643.5	60	QUEST562/41	EVZ	Hekla	BMR-190	doi:10.1191/0959683604hl757rr
1.74	0.02	-2309.5	20	QUEST562/47	EVZ	Hekla	H4 Hekla	doi:10.1191/0959683604hl757rr
1.095	0.01	-777.5	21	QUEST562/78	EVZ	Katla	GB4-150	doi:10.1191/0959683604hl757rr

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=reset/Glen_West

Hekla

record_comment: East volcanic zone (EVZ), terminology after Thordarson & Larsen (2007)
site: Hekla
country: Iceland
region: EVZ
latitude: 63.979999542236
longitude: -19.700000762939
record: Hekla
site_type: Volcano

Data series

Eruptions

series: Eruptions
series_type: Volc_Eruptions

eruption	eruption_type	t	t_sigma	t_source	ref	notes
Hekla AD1947	Plinian	1947.5	1	Calendar	doi:10.1191/095968399669624108	AD 1947 historical
Hekla AD1845	Plinian	1845.5	1	Calendar	doi:10.1191/095968399669624108	AD 1845 historical
Hekla AD1510	Plinian	1510.5	1	Calendar	doi:10.1191/095968399669624108	AD 1510 historical
Hekla AD1300	Plinian	1300.5	1	Calendar	doi:10.1191/095968399669624108	AD 1300 historical
Hekla AD1158	Plinian	1158.5	1	Calendar	doi:10.1191/095968399669624108	AD 1158 historical
Hekla AD1104	Ultra-Plinian	1104.5	1	Calendar	doi:10.1191/095968399669624108	AD 1104 historical (see Larsen and Thorarinsson 1977; Larsen et al. 1999)
MOR-T6	Plinian	840.5	100		doi:10.1191/0959683604hl749rp	c. AD 840 interpolated (Chambers et al. 2004)
Tjornuvik AD800 A	Plinian	800.5	50		doi:10.1191/095968301668079904	ninth century AD age suggested by Wastegard et al. (2001).
BMR-190	Plinian	-643.5	60	IntCal04	doi:10.1191/0959683604hl757rr	c. 705-585 cal BC (Plunkett et al. 2004).
H3 Hekla	Ultra-Plinian	-1054.5	157	IntCal09		c. 2820 ± 70 14C yr BP, i.e. 3156-2772 yr cal BP (2 sigma; Larsen and Thorarinsson 1977)
KAL-X	Plinian	-1769.5	15	IntCal04	doi:10.1177/0959683608089208	c. 3735-3705 cal BP wiggle-match. Proximal equivalent of Hekla Selsund, Hekla HS and Kebister distal tephras (Wastegard et al. 2008)
Hekla Selsund	Plinian	-1769.5	15	IntCal04	doi:10.1177/0959683608089208	c. 3735-3705 cal BP wiggle-match. Distal equivalent of Hekla KAL-X proximal tephra (Wastegard et al. 2008).
Kebister	Plinian	-1769.5	15	IntCal04	doi:10.1177/0959683608089208	c. 3735-3705 cal BP wiggle-match. Distal equivalent of Hekla KAL-X proximal tephra (Wastegard et al. 2008).
Hekla HS	Plinian	-1769.5	15	IntCal04	doi:10.1177/0959683608089208	c. 3735-3705 cal BP wiggle-match. Distal equivalent of Hekla KAL-X proximal tephra (Wastegard et al. 2008).
H4 Hekla	Ultra-Plinian	-2309.5	20		doi:10.1177/095968369500500111	c. 2310 ± 20 calBC wiggle-match at Sluggan
Lairg A	Plinian	-4952.5	47		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. 4997-4902 cal BC 14C wiggle-match (Pilcher et al. 1996; Hall & Pilcher 2002).
H5 Hekla	Ultra-Plinian	-5101.5	105	IntCal09	ref:vilmundardottir1982hss	c. 6185 ± 100 or 6070 ± 120 14C yr BP (respectively Thórarinsson 1971 and Vilmundardóttir & Kaldal 1982). Weighted mean age gives 7247-6800 yr cal BP (2 sigma).

Hekla AD1104_Distribution

series: Hekla AD1104_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: Hekla AD1104

site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
Ballysculllian East	UK	-6.462999821	54.79750061	44	Terrestrial	QUEST621/38	distal	fall	ash			quest
Derrycunihy Wood	Ireland	-9.416669846	52.01670074		Terrestrial	QUEST580/38	distal	fall	ash			quest

H4 Hekla_Distribution

series: H4 Hekla_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: H4 Hekla

site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
Bødalsvatnett	Norway	13.56200027	68.1969986	42	Terrestrial	QUEST634/47	distal	fall	ash			quest
Corlea Bog west Corlea I	Ireland	-7.866670132	53.59999847		Terrestrial	QUEST578/47	distal	fall	ash			quest
Croaghaun East	Ireland	-9.455030441	54.19200134		Terrestrial	QUEST581/47	distal	fall	ash			quest
Red Bog	Ireland	-8.533280373	52.51639938		Terrestrial	QUEST582/47	distal	fall	ash			quest
Toome	UK	-6.461790085	54.75170135		Terrestrial	QUEST632/47	distal	fall	ash			quest

Hekla AD1510_Distribution

series: Hekla AD1510_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: Hekla AD1510

	site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
	Derrycunihy Wood	Ireland	-9.416669846	52.01670074		Terrestrial	QUEST580/35	distal	fall	ash			quest

Lairg A_Distribution

series: Lairg A_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: Lairg A

	site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
	Toome	UK	-6.461790085	54.75170135		Terrestrial	QUEST632/48	distal	fall	ash			quest

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=reset/Hekla

Iceland_volcanoes

record_comment: Unknown source
site: Iceland volcanoes
country: Iceland
region: Iceland
record: Iceland_volcanoes
site_type: Volcano

Data series

Eruptions

series: Eruptions
series_type: Volc_Eruptions

eruption	eruption_type	t	t_sigma	t_source	ref	notes
PMG-5	Plinian	1600.5	100		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	possibly c. AD 1600 interpolated (Hall & Pilcher 2002).
BIP-24	Plinian	900.5	100		doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.2005.tb01011.x	c. AD 900 interpolated
AD860 Layer part B	Plinian	860.5	20		doi:10.1177/095968369500500111	c. AD 860 ± 20 radiocarbon wiggle-match at Sluggan (AD lower layer, colourless tephra shards, two populations)
OMH-185 (Barnsmore)	Plinian	-716.5	38	IntCal04	doi:10.1191/0959683604hl757rr	c. 755-680 cal BC (Plunkett et al. 2004). According to Hall and Pilcher (2002) this is probably equivalent to the DOM-6 'microlite' tephra in Germany.
Derrycunihy Wood SH-1	Plinian
FMAZ II (Fugloyarbanki)	Plinian	-24739.5	1	GICC05	doi:10.1002/jqs.1182	26740 ± 390 yr b2k in NGRIP 1848.05
Borrobol	Plinian	-12094.5	95	IntCal09	doi:10.1002/jqs.1498	Best current estimate is 14.14-13.95 cal ka BP (Bayesian age model). Replaces Turney et al. (1997) date of c.14.4 cal ka BP. Davies et al. (2004) suggestion of 2 eruptions has been revised by Matthews et al. (2011).
L3574	Plinian					No age given, reported as 'older than Saksunarvatn tephra' by Dugmore and Newton (1997). Turney et al. (2006) suggests an age of c. 10.8 ka cal. BP.
OWB-105 AD700	Plinian	700.5	100		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. AD 700 interpolated (Hall & Pilcher 2002).
Penifiler Tephra	Plinian	-11929.5	200	IntCal09	doi:10.1002/jqs.1498	14.08-13.68 cal ka BP (Bayesian age model)
Sluggan A	Plinian	-12549.5	500		doi:10.1002/jqs.990	c. 14500 cal BP suggested by Turney et al. (2006)
Sluggan B	Plinian	-10849.5	500		doi:10.1002/jqs.990	c. 12800 cal BP suggested by Turney et al. (2006)
AD860 Layer part A	Plinian	860.5	20		doi:10.1177/095968369500500111	c. AD 860 ± 20 radiocarbon wiggle-match at Sluggan (AD lower layer, colourless tephra shards, two populations)
BMR-90 AD920	Plinian	920.5	100		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. AD 920 interpolated (Hall & Pilcher 2002)
Breakish Tephra	Plinian				doi:10.1002/jqs.1066	no date suggested although position above the Ashik tephra and Saksunarvatn indicates an age in the early-mid Holocene.
DOM-6 'microlite' tephra	Plinian	-696.5	35		doi:10.1006/qres.2002.2325	c. 730-664 cal BC radiocarbon (van den Bogaard et al. 2002). According to Hall & Pilcher (2002) this is probably equivalent to the OMH-185 (Barnsmore) tephra.
GB4-182	Plinian	-1349.5	200		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. 1350 cal BC interpolated (Hall & Pilcher 2002)
GB4-50 AD1250	Plinian	1250.5	100		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. AD 1250 interpolated (Hall & Pilcher 2002)
Harthorpe Moss tephra	Plinian				doi:10.1177/095968369600600112
Lough Portain B	Plinian		0		doi:10.1177/095968369500500301	sub-population of Hekla AD 1510 eruption (Lough Portain A). Status is unclear, not a distinct isochrone
MOR-T4	Plinian	1000.5	100		doi:10.1191/0959683604hl749rp	c. cal AD 1000 interpolated (Chambers et al. 2004)
Roddans Port A	Plinian				doi:10.1002/jqs.990	two sub-populations (A & B) at 63-64 cm depth, dating unclear, pre-Vedde Ash.
Roddans Port B	Plinian				doi:10.1002/jqs.990	two sub-populations (A & B) at 63-64 cm depth, dating unclear, pre-Vedde Ash.
SLU-5	Plinian	1650.5	50		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. AD 1600-1700 interpolated (Hall & Pilcher 2002)
Stomyren tephra	Plinian	-149.5	100		doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.030	c. 2100 cal yr BP interpolated (Wastegard 2005)
Vallensgard Mose tephra	Plinian				doi:10.1002/jqs.990	Stratigraphic position is similar to Vedde Ash, in the middle of the Younger Dryas, but geochemistry is different. Unclear if this is a significant tephra horizon.
NAAZ I	Plinian	-10449.5	500	Marine04	doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.03.001	Diffuse layer representing c. 11 ka 14C yr GS-1 ash zone containing components from I-Thol-2 (Grímsvötn), I-Rhy.1 (Katla) and I-Thol-1 (Veidivötn). It is commonly believed that the biggest contributor is the rhyolitic component of the Vedde Ash.
L-274	Plinian	-8274.5	100	IntCal09	doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.05.014	14C modeled age of 10,325-10,125 yr cal BP (Lind & Wastegard 2011).
5d-BAS	Plinian	-109549.5	5000	Orbital	doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(98)00038-9	Probably represents an eruption complex. Several geochemical populations: BAS-I, BAS-II, BAS-III.
5e-Midt	Plinian	-123049.5	5000	Orbital	doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(98)00038-9	Probably represents an eruption complex. Several geochemical populations: RHY, INT, BAS & TAB (the 5e-Midt/TRACHY is believed to be from Jan Mayen). Wallrabe-Adams & Lackschewitz (2002) suggest either Vatnafjoll or Vestmannaeyjar may be the source.
5e-Low	Plinian	-127549.5	5000	Orbital	doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(98)00038-9	Probably represents an eruption complex. Several geochemical populations. Wallrabe-Adams & Lackschewitz (2002) suggest either Vatnafjoll or Vestmannaeyjar may be the source.
St. 5a-THOL-1	Plinian	-74549.5	5000	Orbital	doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00145-3	THOL geochemical composition
St. 7-RHY-I & II	Plinian	-208049.5	20000	Orbital	doi:10.1002/jqs.3390060205	RHY-I & RHY-II geochemical compositions
St. 7-BAS/INT-I	Plinian	-208549.5	20000	Orbital	doi:10.1002/jqs.3390060205	INT-I & INT/BAS-I geochemical compositions
St. 9-RHY-I	Plinian	-328049.5	30000	Orbital	doi:10.1002/jqs.3390060205	RHY geochemical composition; possible equivalent to NAAZ III (III-RHY-I, c.320 ka)
St. 9-BAS-I	Plinian	-328049.5	30000	Orbital	doi:10.1002/jqs.3390060205	BAS geochemcial composition

AD860 Layer part B_Distribution

series: AD860 Layer part B_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: AD860 Layer part B

site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
Ballysculllian East	UK	-6.462999821	54.79750061	44	Terrestrial	QUEST621/111	distal	fall	ash			quest
Borg Indrepollen	Norway	13.49400043	68.14499664		Terrestrial	QUEST636/111	distal	fall	ash			quest

BIP-24_Distribution

series: BIP-24_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: BIP-24

	site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
	Borg Indrepollen	Norway	13.49400043	68.14499664		Terrestrial	QUEST636/110	distal	fall	ash			quest

Derrycunihy Wood SH-1_Distribution

series: Derrycunihy Wood SH-1_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: Derrycunihy Wood SH-1

	site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
	Derrycunihy Wood	Ireland	-9.416669846	52.01670074		Terrestrial	QUEST580/113	distal	fall	ash			quest

NAAZ I_Distribution

series: NAAZ I_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: NAAZ I

	site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
	K708-1		-23.75	50	-4053	Marine	QUEST709/3	distal	fall	ash			quest

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=reset/Iceland_volcanoes

Katla

record_comment: Subglacial volcano; East volcanic zone (EVZ), terminology after Thordarson & Larsen (2007)
site: Katla
country: Iceland
region: EVZ
latitude: 63.630001068115
longitude: -19.049999237061
record: Katla
site_type: Volcano

Data series

Eruptions

series: Eruptions
series_type: Volc_Eruptions

eruption	eruption_type	t	t_sigma	t_source	ref	notes
Vedde Ash	Ultra-Plinian	-10170.5	1	GICC05	doi:10.1029/2005jd006079	Bi-model rhyolitic and basalt ash layer, c. 12171 ± 114 yr b2k (GICC05); alternatively NGRIP SS09 11985-11988 ice core yr BP. Norddahl and Haflidason (1992) have suggested that the Skogar tephra is the proximal correlate of the Vedde Ash.
Katla AD1625	Plinian	1625.5	1	Calendar		AD 1625 historical
Eldgja tephra	Sub-Plinian	934.5	1	GICC05	doi:10.1177/095968369500500201	notes c. AD 938 ± 4 (GISP2) or AD934 ± 2. Katla~1000 and K-x are now believed to correspond to this eruption (G. Larsen, 2010, Katla: tephrochronology and eruption history, in Schomacker et al. [eds.] 'The Mýrdalsjökull Ice Cap, Iceland: glacial processes, sediments and landforms on an active volcano', Developments in Quaternary Science vol. 13, pp.23-49, Amsterdam: Elsevier).
GA4-85	Plinian	750.5	50		doi:10.1191/0959683602hl538rr	c. AD 700-800 interpolated (Hall & Pilcher 2002).
Tjornuvik AD800 B	Plinian	800.5	50		doi:10.1191/095968301668079904	ninth century AD age suggested by Wastegard et al. (2001).
GB4-150	Plinian	-777.5	21	IntCal04	doi:10.1191/0959683604hl757rr	c. 800-758 cal BC (Plunkett et al. 2004).
Mjauvotn A	Plinian	-4399.5	200		doi:10.1191/095968301668079904	c. 5300-5700 14C yr BP radiocarbon. A mid-distal basaltic tephra (Tv-5) dated to c. 6000 BP with a similar geochemistry to this tephra has been recorded in the sediment succession from Lake Torfadalsvatn on northern Iceland (Bjorck et al., 1992).
Mjauvotn B	Plinian	-4399.5	200		doi:10.1191/095968301668079904	c. 5300-5700 14C yr BP radiocarbon
Torfadalsvatn (Tv-5)	Sub-Plinian	-4954.5	240	IntCal09	doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1992.tb00009.x	Transitional alkali basalt. Dated at Lake Torfadalsvatn to 6000 ± 140 14C yr BP (c.7240-6500 cal BP, 2 sigma). Possibly the mid-distal equivalent of Mjauvotn A tephra on the Faroes (Wastegard 2001). On the basis of major element geochemistry believed to be from Katla.
SILK-A1	Sub-Plinian	-4009.5	207	IntCal09	doi:10.1002/jqs.724	c. 5170 ± 85 14C yr BP (Wastegard 2002, JQS 17(8), 723-730). Calibrates to 6182-5730 yr cal BP (2 sigma).
SILK-A7	Sub-Plinian	-5189.5	123	IntCal09	doi:10.1002/jqs.724	c. 6245 ± 90 14C yr BP calibrates to 7415-6932 yr cal BP (2 sigma; Wastegard 2002)
SILK-YN	Sub-Plinian	310.5	70	IntCal09	doi:10.1179/env.2000.5.1.21	There are three 14C ages for this tephra, from 1500 ± 70 to 1880 ± 60 14C yr BP. Dugmore et al. (2000) argue for an age of 1740 ± 50 14C yr BP. Calibrated age range of 1811-1539 cal BP (2 sigma).
Suduroy tephra	Plinian	-6119.5	90	IntCal09	doi:10.1002/jqs.724	Rhyolitic ash layer, c. 7240 ± 95 14C yr BP calibrates to 8310-7868 cal BP (2 sigma; Wastegard 2002, JQS 17(8), 723-730).
NGRIP 1508.26m	Sub-Plinian	-10249.5	1	GICC05	doi:10.1029/2005jd006079	Rhyolitic ash layer. NGRIP GICC05 age of 12250 ± 117 b2k years
NGRIP 1573.00m	Sub-Plinian	-12019.5	1	GICC05	doi:10.1029/2005jd006079	Basalt layer. NGRIP GICC05 14020 ± 167 b2k.
Dimna Ash	Plinian	-13149.5	300	IntCal04	doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.04.021	Rhyolitic ash that is below radiocarbon age of 12780 ± 60 14C yr BP (15400-14850 cal BP) on terrestrial plant macrofossils (Koren et al. 2008)
AF555	Plinian	-9544.5	295	IntCal09	doi:10.1002/jqs.1498	Rhyolitic ash layer. Bayesian age model 11.79-11.20 cal ka BP
Solheimar Ignimbrite	Phreato-Plinian	-10149.5	700		doi:10.1007/bf00298704	correlated with Vedde Ash and dated to Younger Dryas Stadial.
NGRIP 1861.55m	Sub-Plinian	-25526.5	1	GICC05	doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.004	Transitional alkali basalt; GICC05 age of 27527 ± 410 b2k
NGRIP 1895.24m	Sub-Plinian	-27129.5	1	GICC05	doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.004	Transitional alkali basalt; GICC05 age of 29130 ± 456 b2k
IA2	Sub-Plinian	-11199.5	146	Orbital	doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(00)00146-3	Ice rafted rhyolitic ash layer, Bond et al. (2001) assigns this to GI-1b which has a GICC05 age range of 13311-13099 b2k (± 146).
Skopun tephra	Plinian	-7799.5	100	IntCal09	doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.05.014	14C modeled age of 9850-9650 yr cal BP (Lind & Wastegard 2011).
St. 5a-TAB-1	Plinian	-73449.5	5000	Orbital	doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00145-3	TAB geochemical composition
St. 5a-TAB-2	Plinian	-75549.5	5000	Orbital	doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00145-3	TAB geochemical composition

Tjornuvik AD800 B_Distribution

series: Tjornuvik AD800 B_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: Tjornuvik AD800 B

	site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
	Borg Indrepollen	Norway	13.49400043	68.14499664		Terrestrial	QUEST636/54	distal	fall	ash			quest

Vedde Ash_Distribution

series: Vedde Ash_Distribution
series_type: Tephra_Distribution
eruption: Vedde Ash

site	country	longitude	latitude	elevation	site_type	sample	tephra_type	tephra_deposit	material	z_range	collected	collected_by	notes
Gurskøy	Norway	5.557889938	62.3708992		Terrestrial	QUEST637/3	distal	fall	ash			quest
Kvaltjern	Norway	4.981400013	60.42309952		Terrestrial	QUEST639/3	distal	fall	ash			quest
Lake Kullatorpssjön	Sweden	12.48770046	56.29410172	89	Terrestrial	QUEST692/3	distal	fall	ash			quest
Lake Mullsjön	Sweden	14.36079979	58.36930084	133	Terrestrial	QUEST695/3	distal	fall	ash			quest
Lerstadvatn, Ålesond	Norway	6.260990143	62.36729813		Terrestrial	QUEST641/3	distal	fall	ash			quest
Lake Gjølvatn	Norway	6.252160072	62.43230057		Terrestrial	QUEST640/3	distal	fall	ash			quest
Lillerestjønn	Norway	6.31704998	62.46889877		Terrestrial	QUEST642/3	distal	fall	ash			quest
Saudedalsmyra	Norway	6.236690044	62.43389893		Terrestrial	QUEST643/3	distal	fall	ash			quest
Lac de Sewen	France	6.897220135	47.81169891	500	Terrestrial	QUEST823/3	distal	fall	ash			quest

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=reset/Katla

Data

Records

Glen_West

Data series

QUEST562/111_Majors

QUEST562/112_Majors

QUEST562/41_Majors

QUEST562/47_Majors

QUEST562/78_Majors

Tephra_Samples

Tephras

Hekla

Data series

Eruptions

Hekla AD1104_Distribution

H4 Hekla_Distribution

Hekla AD1510_Distribution

Lairg A_Distribution

Iceland_volcanoes

Data series

Eruptions

AD860 Layer part B_Distribution

BIP-24_Distribution

Derrycunihy Wood SH-1_Distribution

NAAZ I_Distribution

Katla

Data series

Eruptions

Tjornuvik AD800 B_Distribution

Vedde Ash_Distribution

Publications

Compilation