IntChron > doi > 10.1017 > s003382220000850x
Data
Export as
csv
txt
json
oxcal
Open as
json
oxcal
Records
HNK
- environment: Savanna Biome
- site_context: rock shelter
- site: Heuningsneskrans
- country: South Africa
- region: Limpopo
- latitude: -24.60000038147
- longitude: 30.64999961853
- record: HNK
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
HNK_Radiocarbon
- series: HNK_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| -21351.4 | 284.631 | LJ-3135 | LJ-3135 | | 19320 | 240 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Stratum 3C - 290-335cm | | | |
| -22069.9 | 338.808 | LJ-3136 | LJ-3136 | | 19980 | 260 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Stratum 3D - 328-351cm | | | |
| -22697.2 | 353.984 | LJ-3137 | LJ-3137 | | 20510 | 270 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | Stratum 3E - 404-419cm | | | |
| -25721.2 | 520.671 | LJ-3138 | LJ-3138 | | 23400 | 500 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | Stratum 3F - 450-488cm | | | |
| -12316.6 | 262.531 | LJ-3150 | LJ-3150 | | 12260 | 110 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Stratum 3B - 221-259cm | | | |
| -8437.58 | 119.294 | LJ-3198 | LJ-3198 | | 9230 | 100 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum 2a - 69-122cm | | | |
| -7961.65 | 170.071 | LJ-3199 | LJ-3199 | | 8880 | 100 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum 3b - 23-53cm | | | |
| -9137.47 | 151.737 | Pta-099 | Pta-099 | | 9780 | 85 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum 2a - 76-107cm | | | |
| -13698.2 | 174.036 | Pta-100 | Pta-100 | | 13100 | 110 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Stratum 3B - 221-235cm | | | |
| -26863.7 | 362.135 | Pta-101 | Pta-101 | | 24630 | 300 | charred bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | Stratum 3E - 435-442cm | | | |
| -6033.91 | 82.2357 | Pta-112 | Pta-112 | | 7200 | 70 | charred bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum 3b - 45-70cm | | | |
| -10274.9 | 260.342 | Pta-114 | Pta-114 | | 10430 | 150 | charred bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum 1 - 145-168cm | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/HNK
MRO
- environment: Savanna Biome
- site_context: Human burial
- site: Munro Site, Oppermansdrift
- country: South Africa
- region: North West Province
- latitude: -27.63330078125
- longitude: 25.583299636841
- record: MRO
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
MRO_Radiocarbon
- series: MRO_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| 933.877 | 58.425 | Pta-344 | Pta-344 | | 1150 | 50 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | | 30-46 cm | | | |
| 1668.13 | 88.5839 | Pta-345 | Pta-345 | | 280 | 40 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | | 10-20 cm | | | |
| 1216.77 | 58.4804 | Pta-87 | Pta-87 | | 850 | 60 | bone | Homo sapiens | | conventional 14C | LSA | | Human burial WA 23 | | Smithfield | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/MRO
NDM
- environment: Savanna Biome
- site_context: furnace
- site: Ndumu
- country: South Africa
- region: Kwazulu-Natal
- latitude: -26.874300003052
- longitude: 32.25719833374
- record: NDM
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
NDM_Radiocarbon
- series: NDM_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| 750.6 | 56.7737 | Pta-002 | Pta-002 | | 1320 | 40 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | Iron Age | Early Iron Age | In and around furnace | furnace | Furnace site | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/NDM
NMP
- environment: Desert Biome
- site_context: open site
- site: Numas Plateau
- country: Namibia
- region: Erongo District
- latitude: -21.13330078125
- longitude: 14.5
- record: NMP
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
NMP_Radiocarbon
- series: NMP_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| 1699.43 | 96.4238 | Pta-177 | Pta-177 | | 265 | 50 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/NMP
NUM
- environment: Desert Biome
- site_context: rock shelter
- site: Numas Schlucht Cave (Lower Num
- country: Namibia
- region: Erongo District
- latitude: -21.11669921875
- longitude: 14.416700363159
- record: NUM
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
NUM_Radiocarbon
- series: NUM_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| -2723.12 | 98.4825 | Pta-1295 | Pta-1295 | | 4180 | 60 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | 60cm | | | |
| -3566.74 | 68.698 | Pta-1620 | Pta-1620 | | 4840 | 50 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | 60-70cm | | | |
| -2386.84 | 97.4347 | Pta-1623 | Pta-1623 | | 3950 | 60 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | 50cm | | | |
| -1033.62 | 98.1391 | Pta-178 | Pta-178 | | 2890 | 65 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | 7cm | | | |
| -1111.32 | 102.003 | Pta-179 | Pta-179 | | 2950 | 65 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | 15cm | | | |
| 1568.03 | 138.578 | Pta-2645 | Pta-2645 | | 420 | 140 | other | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | pot scrapings | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/NUM
RBD
- environment: Fynbos Biome
- site_context: rock shelter
- site: Robberg Cave D
- country: South Africa
- region: Western Cape
- latitude: -34.108299255371
- longitude: 23.40830039978
- record: RBD
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
RBD_Radiocarbon
- series: RBD_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| 134.892 | 48.3518 | Pta-014 | Pta-014 | | 1925 | 33 | marine shell | Patella sp. | | conventional 14C | LSA | | | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/RBD
RCC
- environment: Grassland Biome
- site_context: rock shelter
- site: Rose Cottage Cave
- country: South Africa
- region: Free State
- latitude: -29.25
- longitude: 27.5
- record: RCC
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
RCC_Radiocarbon
- series: RCC_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| 984.99 | 39.8047 | GrN-5298 | GrN-5298 | | 1100 | 30 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | | | | | |
| -5699.77 | 45.9315 | GrN-5299 | GrN-5299 | | 6850 | 45 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Pt | | | |
| -27869.2 | 268.212 | GrN-5300 | GrN-5300 | | 25640 | 220 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | Jf? "ELSA" | | | |
| -39157.7 | 2208.12 | Pta-0001 | Pta-0001 | | 36100 | 2000 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | | | Upper Magosian | |
| -31828 | 624.032 | Pta-0211 | Pta-0211 | | 29430 | 520 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | Final MSA | "pre-Wilton" | | | |
| | | Pta-0213 | Pta-0213 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | | | Upper Magosian | |
| | | Pta-0214 | Pta-0214 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | | | Upper Magosian | |
| | | Pta-0231 | Pta-0231 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | | | Upper Magosian | |
| | | Pta-0354 | Pta-0354 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | | | Upper Magosian | |
| -24962.2 | 277.705 | Pta-1416 | Pta-1416 | | 22700 | 240 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | OrangeSand | | | |
| -25607 | 155.877 | Pta-1417 | Pta-1417 | | 23400 | 200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | OrangeSand | | | |
| -7688.71 | 140.233 | Pta-2076 | Pta-2076 | | 8640 | 100 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | | | | |
| 1371.96 | 40.196 | Pta-350 | Pta-350 | | 610 | 50 | potsherd | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | | | Grass-tempered sherd | |
| -7596.31 | 43.1938 | Pta-5560 | Pta-5560 | | 8614 | 38 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | H | | | |
| -33991.9 | 1063.39 | Pta-5592 | Pta-5592 | | 31300 | 900 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | Ge/OrangeSand | | | |
| -13048.1 | 264.018 | Pta-5593 | Pta-5593 | | 12690 | 120 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | DB (top) | | | |
| -29355.9 | 304.16 | Pta-5596 | Pta-5596 | | 27200 | 350 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | Final MSA | Dc | | | |
| -22798.1 | 336.191 | Pta-5598 | Pta-5598 | | 20600 | 250 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | G/G2 | | | |
| -8439.08 | 92.6641 | Pta-5599 | Pta-5599 | | 9250 | 70 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | O | | | |
| -7382.68 | 104.681 | Pta-5600 | Pta-5600 | | 8380 | 70 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | JaG | | | |
| -14080.7 | 222.694 | Pta-5601 | Pta-5601 | | 13360 | 150 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | DB (bottom) | | | |
| 1343.57 | 35.5566 | Pta-5622 | Pta-5622 | | 680 | 50 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | A | | | |
| -4817.15 | 94.6793 | Pta-5934 | Pta-5934 | | 5970 | 70 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Pt | | | |
| -16974.6 | 50.2212 | Pta-6195 | Pta-6195 | | 15700 | 40 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Wal | | | |
| -30831.9 | 2105.19 | Pta-6202 | Pta-6202 | | 27800 | 1700 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | Final MSA | Ru | | | |
| -29089.9 | 558.566 | Pta-6303 | Pta-6303 | | 26900 | 550 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | J/RU | | | |
| -6442.56 | 90.4066 | Pta-6783 | Pta-6783 | | 7630 | 80 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Pt | | | |
| 1457.2 | 51.7606 | Pta-6788 | Pta-6788 | | 500 | 50 | potsherd | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | Mn | | Grass-tempered sherd | |
| -254.189 | 83.5072 | Pta-7117 | Pta-7117 | | 2240 | 60 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | | A2 | | | |
| -7121.13 | 133.371 | Pta-7122 | Pta-7122 | | 8160 | 70 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Ja | | | |
| -29949.8 | 590.123 | Pta-7126 | Pta-7126 | | 27700 | 480 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | Final MSA | Ru | | | |
| -31104.6 | 631.091 | Pta-7184 | Pta-7184 | | 28800 | 450 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | Final MSA | Ru | | | |
| -8537.48 | 124.355 | Pta-7228 | Pta-7228 | | 9340 | 80 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | LB | | | |
| -8917.19 | 150.276 | Pta-7275 | Pta-7275 | | 9560 | 70 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | LB | | | |
| -7349.79 | 109.856 | Pta-7287 | Pta-7287 | | 8350 | 70 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Ph | | | |
| -21566.9 | 255.087 | Pta-7289 | Pta-7289 | | 19600 | 220 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | G/G2 | | | |
| -15459.2 | 208.119 | Pta-7290 | Pta-7290 | | 14320 | 120 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Be | | | |
| -19597.3 | 282.079 | Pta-7390 | Pta-7390 | | 17800 | 180 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | G | | | |
| -33139.4 | 235.089 | Pta-7763 | Pta-7763 | | 30800 | 200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | OrangeSand | | | |
| -35807.5 | 1128.95 | Pta-7796 | Pta-7796 | | 32900 | 910 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | OrangeSand | | | |
| -33139.4 | 235.089 | Pta-7805 | Pta-7805 | | 30800 | 200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | Dy/OrangeSand | | | |
| | | SR-0116 | SR-0116 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | | | Upper Magosian | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/RCC
SIP
- environment: Savanna Biome
- site_context: rock shelter
- site: Siphiso
- country: Swaziland
- region: Lubombo Region
- latitude: -26.299999237061
- longitude: 31.96669960022
- record: SIP
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
SIP_Radiocarbon
- series: SIP_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| -9027.14 | 673.766 | Pta-004 | Pta-004 | | 9570 | 450 | bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum VII | | TX-5782 | |
| -6405.36 | 91.0489 | Pta-3533 | Pta-3533 | | 7600 | 80 | bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum VI | | | |
| -7782.64 | 175.346 | Pta-3540 | Pta-3540 | | 8700 | 120 | bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum VII | | | |
| 35.44 | 429.764 | TX-5619 | TX-5619 | | 1940 | 370 | bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | Stratum III | | | |
| -4.80825 | 453.247 | TX-5620 | TX-5620 | | 1970 | 390 | bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | Stratum III | | | |
| -4560.44 | 322.781 | TX-5621 | TX-5621 | | 5710 | 280 | bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Stratum IV | | | |
| 1573.38 | 72.4496 | TX-5622 | TX-5622 | | 350 | 60 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | Stratum II | | | |
| -5572.18 | 146.533 | TX-5623 | TX-5623 | | 6680 | 160 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Stratum IV | | | |
| -5453.3 | 96.8526 | TX-5624 | TX-5624 | | 6540 | 100 | snail | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Stratum IV | | | |
| -5563.16 | 76.6548 | TX-5625 | TX-5625 | | 6670 | 90 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Stratum IV | | | |
| -5733.31 | 105.37 | TX-5626 | TX-5626 | | 6860 | 110 | snail | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Stratum IV | | | |
| -6141.64 | 106.41 | TX-5627 | TX-5627 | | 7300 | 100 | snail | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | Stratum V | | | |
| -8603.38 | 154.753 | TX-5628 | TX-5628 | | 9380 | 90 | snail | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum VI | | | |
| -8641.88 | 274.865 | TX-5629 | TX-5629 | | 9360 | 190 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum VII | | | |
| -7950.42 | 224.665 | TX-5630 | TX-5630 | | 8860 | 180 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum VII | | | |
| -9638.49 | 274.472 | TX-5782 | TX-5782 | | 10050 | 160 | snail | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Stratum VIII | | | |
| -12034 | 408.588 | TX-5783 | TX-5783 | | 11990 | 270 | snail | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Stratum IX | | | |
| -14198.9 | 535.256 | TX-5784 | TX-5784 | | 13420 | 360 | bone | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | Stratum X | | | |
| -11831.4 | 402.812 | TZ-5631 | TZ-5631 | | 11820 | 300 | snail | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | Stratum VIII | | | |
| -8644.11 | 241.069 | Y-1996 | Y-1996 | | 9370 | 160 | bone | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | Stratum VII | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/SIP
UHL
- environment: Indian Ocean Coastal Belt
- site_context: shell midden
- site: Umhlanga Rocks
- country: South Africa
- region: Kwazulu-Natal
- latitude: -29.72319984436
- longitude: 31.089799880981
- record: UHL
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
UHL_Radiocarbon
- series: UHL_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| 1729.71 | 66.1205 | Pta-163 | Pta-163 | | 250 | 35 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | | Midden 13 cm | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/UHL
Publications
- Barham, L. (1989) Radiocarbon Dates from Nyonyane Shelter, Swaziland. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 44(150), p.117. doi:10.2307/3887653 data publication
- Butzer, K. and Vogel, J. (1979) Archaeo-sedimentological sequences from the sub-montane interior of South Africa: Rose Cottage Cave, Heuningneskrans, and Bushman Rock Shelter. In 6th Biennial Conference of the Southern African Association of Archaeologists, Stellenbosch.. data
- Clark, A.M.B. (1999) Late Pleistocene technology at Rose Cottage Cave: A search for modern behavior in an MSA context. African Archaeological Review, 16, pp.93-113. data publication
- Linick, T. (1977) La Jolla Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VII. Radiocarbon, 19(01), pp.19-48. doi:10.1017/s0033822200003337 data publication
- Mason, R. (1969) Tentative Interpretations of New Radiocarbon Dates for Stone Artefact Assemblages from Rose Cottage Cave, O.F.S. and Bushman Rock Shelter, TVL. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 24(94), p.57. doi:10.2307/3887663 data publication
- Pienaar, M. (2007) Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. Doctoral thesis, University of Pretoria. data publication
- Pienaar, M., Woodborne, S. and Wadley, L. (2008) Optically stimulated luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave. South African Journal of Science, 104(1-2), pp.65-70. data publication
- VOGEL, J.C. and BEAUMONT, P. (1972) Revised Radiocarbon Chronology for the Stone Age in South Africa. Nature, 237(5349), pp.50-51. doi:10.1038/237050a0 data publication
- Vogel, J. (1970) Groningen Radiocarbon Dates IX. Radiocarbon, 12(02), pp.444-471. doi:10.1017/s0033822200008183 data publication
- Vogel, J. and Marais, M. (1971) Pretoria Radiocarbon Dates I. Radiocarbon, 13(02), pp.378-394. doi:10.1017/s003382220000850x data publication
- Vogel, J. and Visser, E. (1981) Pretoria Radiocarbon Dates II. Radiocarbon, 23(01), pp.43-80. doi:10.1017/s0033822200037462 data publication
- Vogel, J., Fuls, A. and Visser, E. (1986) Pretoria Radiocarbon Dates III. Radiocarbon, 28(03), pp.1133-1172. doi:10.1017/s003382220002018x data publication
- Wadley, L. (1991) Rose Cottage Cave: Background and a Preliminary Report on the Recent Excavations. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 46(154), p.125. doi:10.2307/3889091 data publication
- Wadley, L. (1992) Rose Cottage Cave: The Later Stone Age Levels with European and Iron Age Artefacts. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 47(155), p.8. doi:10.2307/3888986 data publication
- Wadley, L. (2000) The Early Holocene Layers of Rose Cottage Cave, Eastern Free State: Technology, Spatial Patterns and Environment. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 55(171), p.18. doi:10.2307/3888889 data publication
- Wadley, L. (2000) The Wilton and Pre-Ceramic Post-Classic Wilton Industries at Rose Cottage Cave and Their Context in the South African Sequence. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 55(172), p.90. doi:10.2307/3888959 data publication
- Wadley, L. (2005) A Typological Study of the Final Middle Stone Age Stone Tools from Sibudu Cave, Kwazulu-Natal. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 60, pp.51-63. doi:10.2307/3889118 data publication
- Wadley, L. and Vogel, J.C. (1991) New dates from Rose Cottage Cave, Ladybrand, eastern Orange Free State.. South African Journal of Science, 87, pp.605-608. data
- Woodborne, S. and Vogel, J.C. (1997) Luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: a progress report. South African Journal of Science, 93, pp.476-78. data publication
Compilation
- by: IntChron
- url: https://intchron.org
- updated: 2025-07-30T12:51:28+01:00
- retrieved: 2025-07-30T12:51:28+01:00
- schema: https://intchron.org/schema
- data_url: http://intchron.org/public.php?ref=doi:10.1017/s003382220000850x
Site designed by: Christopher Bronk Ramsey, University of Oxford