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BC
- environment: Savanna Biome
- site_context: rock shelter
- site: Border Cave
- country: South Africa
- region: Kwazulu-Natal
- latitude: -27.016700744629
- longitude: 31.983299255371
- record: BC
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
BC_Radiocarbon
- series: BC_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| -46922.6 | 1653.29 | ANUA-15805 | ANUA-15805 | | 46000 | 1150 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | Final MSA | 2BS UP | | | |
| -50533 | 1645.72 | ANUA-15813 | ANUA-15813 | | 50380 | 2380 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2BS LR B | | | |
| -50014.7 | 1697.4 | ANUA-15814 | ANUA-15814 | | 48730 | 1360 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | Final MSA | 2BS LR A | | | |
| -54648.3 | 2856.96 | ANUA-16304 | ANUA-16304 | | 55410 | 2210 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2BS LR C | | | |
| | | ANUA-16305 | ANUA-16305 | | 53510 | 1870 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2BS LR B | | | |
| -44594.7 | 1086.54 | ANUA-17302 | ANUA-17302 | | 43880 | 1040 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | Final MSA | 2BS UP | | | |
| -54570.2 | 2975.35 | ANUA-17303 | ANUA-17303 | | 55250 | 2270 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2WA | | | |
| -40668.1 | 524.625 | ANUA-17304 | ANUA-17304 | | 38540 | 850 | charcoal | | | AMS | LSA | ELSA | 1WA | | | |
| -50025.3 | 1781.76 | ANUA-17305 | ANUA-17305 | | 48940 | 1740 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | Final MSA | 2BS LR A | | | |
| -49367.1 | 1821.28 | ANUA-17306 | ANUA-17306 | | 48030 | 1360 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | Final MSA | 2BS UP | | | |
| -42579.6 | 822.725 | ANUA-17307 | ANUA-17307 | | 41640 | 940 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | Final MSA | 2BS UP | | | |
| -48121 | 1869.38 | ANUA-17308 | ANUA-17308 | | 46880 | 1290 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2BS LR B | | | |
| -50720.4 | 1481.05 | ANUA-17504 | ANUA-17504 | | 49840 | 1580 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2BS LR B | | | |
| -58424.3 | 4497.45 | ANUA-17505 | ANUA-17505 | | 57910 | 2950 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2BS LR C | | | |
| -58149.2 | 3766.6 | ANUA-18626 | ANUA-18626 | | 58240 | 2640 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2WA | | | |
| -57738.3 | 4184.74 | ANUA-19010 | ANUA-19010 | | 57490 | 2820 | charcoal | | | AMS | MSA | | 2WA | | | |
| -40461 | 887.355 | KIA-44423 | KIA-44423 | | 38020 | 1240 | eggshell | Struthio camelus | | AMS | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LR | bead | bead | |
| -36352.2 | 2303.7 | LJ-2892 | LJ-2892 | | 33000 | 2000 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LR | | | |
| -38144.2 | 376.645 | OxA-23172 | OxA-23172 | | 34940 | 370 | wood | | | AMS | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LR | | Digging stick dated | |
| -22538.1 | 158.485 | OxA-23173 | OxA-23173 | | 20420 | 90 | charcoal | | | AMS | LSA | ELSA | First white ash | | | |
| -38852.1 | 463.488 | OxA-X-2418-47 | Border Cave 1BS no. 48 | | 35750 | 500 | other | | | AMS | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LR | | pitch on microlith | |
| -38552.2 | 364.529 | OxA-X-2455-52 | OxA-X-2455-52 | | 35410 | 360 | other | | | AMS | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LR | | beeswax | |
| | | Pta-1190 | Pta-1190 | > | 45000 | 0 | plant remains | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | Base of 1WA | | | |
| | | Pta-1244 | Pta-1244 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 2 BS UP | | | |
| | | Pta-1274 | Pta-1274 | > | 47200 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | Final MSA | 2 BS UP | | | |
| | | Pta-1275 | Pta-1275 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 2 BS UP | | | |
| 1475.18 | 55.3077 | Pta-1318 | Pta-1318 | | 480 | 45 | bone | Homo sapiens | | conventional 14C | | | BC4 skeleton | | | |
| 1807.02 | 95.031 | Pta-1728 | Pta-1728 | | 90 | 105 | plant remains | maize cob | | conventional 14C | Iron Age | | 1 BS.UP | | | |
| -38968.2 | 788.37 | Pta-421 | Pta-421 | | 36000 | 1000 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 1GBS LR | | | |
| -39541.9 | 669.391 | Pta-422 | Pta-422 | | 36800 | 1000 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | Top of 1WA | | | |
| -39069.7 | 696.548 | Pta-423 | Pta-423 | | 36100 | 900 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1WA | | | |
| -38691.9 | 947.843 | Pta-424 | Pta-424 | | 35700 | 1100 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1WA | | | |
| -39069.7 | 696.548 | Pta-433 | Pta-433 | | 36100 | 900 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | First white ash | | | |
| -40047.5 | 834.428 | Pta-446 | Pta-446 | | 37500 | 1200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | Top of 1WA | | | |
| | | Pta-447 | Pta-447 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 1GBS LR | | | |
| | | Pta-459 | Pta-459 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 1BA | | | |
| | | Pta-463 | Pta-463 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 1GBS LR | | | |
| -40760.2 | 1083.14 | Pta-4697 | Pta-4697 | | 38300 | 1400 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | ? | | | |
| -37846.6 | 1036.98 | Pta-4700 | Pta-4700 | | 34800 | 930 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRC | | | |
| -38472.4 | 891.859 | Pta-4706 | Pta-4706 | | 35400 | 960 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRC | | | |
| -41078.3 | 845.758 | Pta-4710 | Pta-4710 | | 38900 | 1200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | ? | | | |
| -40538.8 | 745.755 | Pta-4711 | Pta-4711 | | 38200 | 1100 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRC | | | |
| -41141.8 | 845.343 | Pta-4744 | Pta-4744 | | 39000 | 1200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRB | | | |
| -40804.2 | 848.25 | Pta-4758 | Pta-4758 | | 38500 | 1200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRB | | | |
| -41153.9 | 675.639 | Pta-4775 | Pta-4775 | | 39200 | 1000 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRC | | | |
| -40974.6 | 669.147 | Pta-4776 | Pta-4776 | | 38900 | 1000 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRC | | | |
| -40498.1 | 1223.47 | Pta-4778 | Pta-4778 | | 37900 | 1500 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRB | | | |
| -40945.1 | 847.181 | Pta-4779 | Pta-4779 | | 38700 | 1200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRB | | | |
| -39456.2 | 865.16 | Pta-4784 | Pta-4784 | | 36700 | 1200 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRA | | | |
| -26505.4 | 380.557 | Pta-4789 | Pta-4789 | | 24300 | 350 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRA | | | |
| -42075 | 2109.03 | Pta-4793 | Pta-4793 | | 39300 | 1950 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRB | | | |
| -40999 | 955.744 | Pta-4856 | Pta-4856 | | 38700 | 1300 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1WA | | | |
| -40134.3 | 300.279 | Pta-4875 | Pta-4875 | | 37700 | 590 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1WA | | | |
| | | Pta-488 | Pta-488 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 1GBS LR | | | |
| -41310 | 479.886 | Pta-4880 | Pta-4880 | | 39800 | 620 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1WA | | | |
| | | Pta-489 | Pta-489 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 1GBS LR | | | |
| -40760.2 | 1083.14 | Pta-4903 | Pta-4903 | | 38300 | 1400 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1WA | | | |
| -22920.5 | 341.7 | Pta-4984 | Pta-4984 | | 20700 | 250 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | First white ash | | | |
| -29457.9 | 195.763 | Pta-4986 | Pta-4986 | | 27400 | 250 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRA | | | |
| -40393.3 | 954.279 | Pta-5015 | Pta-5015 | | 37900 | 1300 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BS LRB | | | |
| 29.4301 | 62.1559 | Pta-506 | Pta-506 | | 2010 | 50 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | | | 1 BSU | | | |
| 1452.9 | 44.7943 | Pta-703 | Pta-703 | | 500 | 45 | plant remains | | | conventional 14C | Iron Age | | 1 BSU | | | |
| -41056.7 | 1229.56 | Pta-704 | Pta-704 | | 38600 | 1500 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | ELSA | 1BSL | | | |
| 1521.97 | 64.3422 | Pta-715 | Pta-715 | | 440 | 60 | plant remains | | | conventional 14C | Iron Age | | 1 BSU | | | |
| -45156.1 | 3265.68 | Pta-719 | Pta-719 | | 42000 | 3000 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 1GBS LR | | | |
| -13996.4 | 222.371 | Pta-721 | Pta-721 | | 13300 | 150 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | | 1BSU | | Undiagnostic | |
| 1572.11 | 59.474 | Pta-777 | Pta-777 | | 340 | 45 | bone | Homo sapiens | | conventional 14C | | | BC4 skeleton | | | |
| 1809.23 | 84.107 | Pta-870 | Pta-870 | | 170 | 45 | plant remains | | | conventional 14C | Iron Age | | 1 BSU | | | |
| | | Pta-872 | Pta-872 | m | 0 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | | 2 BS UP | | | |
| | | Pta-877 | Pta-877 | > | 45400 | 0 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | MSA | Final MSA | 2 BS UP | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/BC
DKB
- environment: Savanna Biome
- site_context: rock shelter
- site: Dikbosch 1
- country: South Africa
- region: Northern Cape
- latitude: -28.652200698853
- longitude: 23.902500152588
- record: DKB
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
DKB_Radiocarbon
- series: DKB_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| -1315.27 | 81.6561 | Pta-1065 | Pta-1065 | | 3110 | 60 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Final LSA | A Layer II | | Reported as 3090 +- BP in Humphreys 1974 | |
| -12689.1 | 242.602 | Pta-1067 | Pta-1067 | | 12500 | 100 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | A Layer IV | | | |
| -14733.6 | 202.33 | Pta-1068 | Pta-1068 | | 13800 | 130 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | A Layer V | | | |
| -13851.1 | 191.862 | Pta-1200 | Pta-1200 | | 13200 | 125 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | A Layer VI | | | |
| -14276.6 | 189.591 | Pta-1288 | Pta-1288 | | 13500 | 120 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | A Layer III | | | |
| -6876.14 | 109.446 | Pta-3411 | Pta-3411 | | 8010 | 60 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Wilton | B Layer V | | | |
| 531.692 | 53.3545 | Pta-3412 | Pta-3412 | | 1570 | 40 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | B Layer III | | | |
| 359.632 | 57.6719 | Pta-3413 | Pta-3413 | | 1720 | 40 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Ceramic LSA | B Layer II | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/DKB
KRU
- environment: Savanna Biome
- site_context: rock shelter
- site: Kruger Cave
- country: South Africa
- region: North West Province
- latitude: -25.75
- longitude: 27.25
- record: KRU
- site_type: Archaeological
Data series
KRU_Radiocarbon
- series: KRU_Radiocarbon
- series_type: R_Dates
- parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes
| -4184.97 | 175.894 | KRU-1 | KRU-1 | | 5400 | 160 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -10090.7 | 308.863 | KRU-10 | KRU-10 | | 10310 | 150 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | | | | |
| -10274.9 | 260.342 | KRU-11 | KRU-11 | | 10430 | 150 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | | | | |
| -5504.34 | 99.6126 | KRU-2 | KRU-2 | | 6600 | 110 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -5519.78 | 106.936 | KRU-3 | KRU-3 | | 6620 | 120 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -5578.39 | 85.4767 | KRU-4 | KRU-4 | | 6690 | 100 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -5636.81 | 90.1039 | KRU-5 | KRU-5 | | 6760 | 100 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -6320.06 | 70.2844 | KRU-6 | KRU-6 | | 7500 | 60 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -8246.12 | 149.074 | KRU-7 | KRU-7 | | 9090 | 90 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -8930 | 190.267 | KRU-8 | KRU-8 | | 9590 | 130 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -9136.01 | 191.012 | KRU-9 | KRU-9 | | 9780 | 110 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Oakhurst | | | | |
| -9710.86 | 199.301 | Pta-1272 | Pta-1272 | | 10150 | 90 | charcoal | | | conventional 14C | LSA | Robberg | | | | |
| -8266.47 | 146.678 | Pta-1273 | Pta-1273 | | 9100 | 90 | | | | conventional 14C | LSA | | | | | |
- data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/KRU
Publications
- Beaumont, P.B. (1978) Border Cave. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town. data
- Beaumont, P.B. and Vogel, J.C. (1972) On a new radiocarbon chronology for Africa south of the Equator: Part 2. African Studies, 31(3), pp.155-182. data publication
- Mason, R. (1988) Kruger Cave. Occasional Paper 17. Johannesburg, Archaeological Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand. data
- Morris, A. (1992) The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley, South Africa. Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press. data
- VOGEL, J.C. and BEAUMONT, P. (1972) Revised Radiocarbon Chronology for the Stone Age in South Africa. Nature, 237(5349), pp.50-51. doi:10.1038/237050a0 data publication
- Villa, P., Soriano, S., Tsanova, T., Degano, I., Higham, T.F., d'Errico , F., Backwell, L., Lucejko, J.J., Colombini, M.P. and Beaumont, P.B. (2012) Border Cave and the beginning of the Later Stone Age in South Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(33), pp.13208-13213. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202629109 data publication
- Vogel, J., Fuls, A. and Visser, E. (1986) Pretoria Radiocarbon Dates III. Radiocarbon, 28(03), pp.1133-1172. doi:10.1017/s003382220002018x data publication
- Wadley, L. (1993) The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River. Journal of World Prehistory, 7(3), pp.243-296. doi:10.1007/bf00974721 data publication
- d'Errico , F., Backwell, L., Villa, P., Degano, I., Lucejko, J.J., Bamford, M.K., Higham, T.F., Colombini, M.P. and Beaumont, P.B. (2012) Early evidence of San material culture represented by organic artifacts from Border Cave, South Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(33), pp.13214-13219. doi:10.1073/pnas.1204213109 data publication
Compilation
- by: IntChron
- url: https://intchron.org
- updated: 2024-12-03T21:45:35+00:00
- retrieved: 2024-12-03T21:45:35+00:00
- schema: https://intchron.org/schema
- data_url: http://intchron.org/public.php?ref=doi:10.1007/bf00974721
Site designed by: Christopher Bronk Ramsey, University of Oxford