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Records

BDS

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Broederstroom
country: South Africa
region: North West Province
latitude: -25.769300460815
longitude: 27.835399627686
record: BDS
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

BDS_Radiocarbon

series: BDS_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	638.709	108.047	Fra-82	Fra-82		1450	100	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Mound 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	1672.24	129.85	Fra-84	Fra-84		290	100	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Olifantspoort facies
	741.132	102.476	Fra-85	Fra-85		1360	100	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	776.862	100.261	Fra-88	Fra-88		1320	100	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73
	747.722	82.609	KN-2641	KN-2641		1350	80	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	1583.62	70.9822	KN-2642	KN-2642		330	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Olifantspoort facies
	502.068	57.3621	KN-2643	KN-2643		1600	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	525.016	68.1334	KN-2644	KN-2644		1570	65	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	771.913	62.4436	Pta-1343	Pta-1343		1300	40	bone			conventional 14C	Iron Age		Hut 24/73
	566.393	48.7777	Pta-1375	Pta-1375		1540	40	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Mzonjani pottery
	863.135	65.8597	Pta-1384	Pta-1384		1220	40	bone			conventional 14C	Iron Age		Hut 24/73
	558.54	113.427	RL-351	RL-351		1520	110	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	629.528	47.4417	UCLA-1791A	UCLA-1791A		1460	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	603	45.9009	UCLA-1791B	UCLA-1791B		1490	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	751.782	67.0261	Wits-1474	Wits-1474		1335	60				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies
	650.961	51.5602	Wits-870	Wits-870		1440	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	Hut 24/73		Mzonjani facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/BDS

BRT

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Break Pressure Tank
country: Botswana
region: Central District
latitude: -22.241500854492
longitude: 27.577899932861
record: BRT
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

BRT_Radiocarbon

series: BRT_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	985.872	74.7514	Beta-93179	Beta-93179		1100	60				AMS	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Toutswe facies
	1174.9	71.0455	Beta-93180	Beta-93180		890	70				AMS	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Toutswe facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/BRT

DMB

site_context: settlement
site: Domboshaba
country: Botswana
region: North-East District
latitude: -20.601800918579
longitude: 27.361000061035
record: DMB
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

DMB_Radiocarbon

series: DMB_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1519.02	75.8922	I-13560	I-13560		450	80				conventional 14C	Iron Age
	924.51	93.7146	I-13746	I-13746		1150	80				conventional 14C	Iron Age
	1468.3	56.1089	Wits-1216	Wits-1216		490	50				conventional 14C	Iron Age
	1459.09	70.6196	Wits-1376	Wits-1376		510	70				conventional 14C	Iron Age
	1500.67	71.3621	Wits-1395	Wits-1395		470	70				conventional 14C	Iron Age

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/DMB

DZT

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Dzata
country: South Africa
region: Limpopo
latitude: -22.86669921875
longitude: 30.14999961853
record: DZT
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

DZT_Radiocarbon

series: DZT_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1826.89	83.6415	Pta-5969	Pta-5969		160	20	wood			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age	upper levels	hut	Venda Period
	1782.35	79.6854	Pta-5971	Pta-5971		200	40	wood			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age	upper levels	hut	Venda Period
	1836.68	79.1771	Pta-5972	Pta-5972		120	45	plant remains	cereals		conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age	upper levels	hut	Venda Period
	1707.75	114.706	Wits-1599	Wits-1599		260	70				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age	lower levels		Khami facies
	1646.61	96.2518	Wits-1665	Wits-1665		290	50				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age	lower levels		Khami facies
	1587.37	65.3766	Wits-1668	Wits-1668		320	40				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age	lower levels		Khami facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/DZT

HPR

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Happy Rest
country: South Africa
region: Limpopo
latitude: -23.034700393677
longitude: 29.718999862671
record: HPR
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

HPR_Radiocarbon

series: HPR_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	611.319	45.3514	Pta-2414	Pta-2414		1480	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Happy Rest facies
	502.068	57.3621	Pta-2421	Pta-2421		1600	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Mzonjani facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/HPR

KGW

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Kgaswe
country: Botswana
region: Central District
latitude: -22.520000457764
longitude: 27.041400909424
record: KGW
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

KGW_Radiocarbon

series: KGW_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1120.45	74.0937	I-13523	I-13523		960	80				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Toutswe facies
	1134.32	74.4595	I-13524	I-13524		940	80				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Toutswe facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/KGW

LPK

site_context: settlement
site: Leopard's Kopje Main Kraal
country: Zimbabwe
region: Bulawayo Province
latitude: -20.11669921875
longitude: 28.433300018311
record: LPK
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

LPK_Radiocarbon

series: LPK_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	946.464	109.953	I-4862	I-4862		1130	95				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Zhizo facies
	807.481	93.6828	SR-225	SR-225		1280	90				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Zhizo facies
	833.868	109.98	SR-55	SR-55		1250	110				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Zhizo facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/LPK

MGG

environment: Savanna Biome
site: Maguga Dam
country: Swaziland
region: Hhohho District
latitude: -26.063899993896
longitude: 31.249500274658
record: MGG
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

MGG_Radiocarbon

series: MGG_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1400.29	39.7005	Pta-7533	Pta-7533		570	50				conventional 14C	Iron Age				Maguga facies (Mpofu)

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/MGG

MLB1A

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Millbank 1A
country: South Africa
region: Limpopo
latitude: -23.241199493408
longitude: 28.940000534058
record: MLB1A
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

MLB1A_Radiocarbon

series: MLB1A_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	884.916	70.5504	Pta-6306	Pta-6306		1200	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Diamant facies
	895.978	68.5381	Pta-6307	Pta-6307		1190	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Diamant facies
	786.511	68.4375	Pta-6309	Pta-6309		1290	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Diamant facies
	827.902	71.555	Pta-7468	Pta-7468		1250	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Diamant facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/MLB1A

MLB1B

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Millbank 1B
country: South Africa
region: Limpopo
latitude: -23.241199493408
longitude: 28.940000534058
record: MLB1B
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

MLB1B_Radiocarbon

series: MLB1B_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	924.071	53.5458	Pta-7478	Pta-7478		1170	40	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Diamant facies
	899.385	65.1421	Pta-7480	Pta-7480		1190	45	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Diamant facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/MLB1B

MLH

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Melora Hill
country: South Africa
region: Limpopo
latitude: -23.855600357056
longitude: 28.3125
record: MLH
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

MLH_Radiocarbon

series: MLH_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1726.7	91.4192	Pta-5129	Pta-5129		250	50				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Moor Park facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/MLH

MQD

environment: Savanna Biome
site: Mqanduli
country: South Africa
region: Kwazulu-Natal
latitude: -31.808500289917
longitude: 28.760299682617
record: MQD
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

MQD_Radiocarbon

series: MQD_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	747.744	66.1818	Pta-4900	Pta-4900		1340	60				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	TP1		Msuluzi facies
	749.578	60.6538	Pta-4917	Pta-4917		1330	50				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age	RM1		Msuluzi facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/MQD

MRL

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Moralane
country: Botswana
region: Central District
latitude: -22.133499145508
longitude: 27.678800582886
record: MRL
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

MRL_Radiocarbon

series: MRL_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1099.41	75.8368	Beta-93181	Beta-93181		990	80				AMS	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Toutswe facies
	984.185	62.9081	Beta-93182	Beta-93182		1100	50				AMS	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Toutswe facies
	909.827	72.75	Beta-93183	Beta-93183		1170	60				AMS	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Toutswe facies
	1080.91	62.0544	Beta-93184	Beta-93184		1020	60				AMS	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Toutswe facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/MRL

MZS

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Magozastad
country: South Africa
region: North West Province
latitude: -25.554300308228
longitude: 26.281700134277
record: MZS
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

MZS_Radiocarbon

series: MZS_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1571.61	46.0207	Pta-5291	Pta-5291		330	20	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies
	1543.01	57.4017	Pta-5416	Pta-5416		400	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies
	1668.13	88.5839	Pta-5649	Pta-5649		280	40	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies
	1772.36	76.5727	Pta-5650	Pta-5650		210	40	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies
	1754.16	79.1355	Pta-5784	Pta-5784		230	45	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies
	1741.87	80.481	Pta-5785	Pta-5785		240	45	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies
	1626.66	91.5616	Pta-7285	Pta-7285		300	50	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/MZS

PYB

site_context: settlement
site: Phatayasebilo
country: Botswana
region: Central District
latitude: -22.71249961853
longitude: 27.429000854492
record: PYB
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

PYB_Radiocarbon

series: PYB_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	962.913	40.8115	Pta-7281	Pta-7281		1120	30				conventional 14C	Iron Age				Diamant facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/PYB

RAM

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Rhino Andalusite mine
country: South Africa
region: Limpopo
latitude: -24.699199676514
longitude: 27.295700073242
record: RAM
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

RAM_Radiocarbon

series: RAM_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	586.063	41.8302	Pta-7311	Pta-7311		1520	40	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Happy Rest facies
	1535.93	58.9937	Pta-9543	Pta-9543		400	10	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies
	1430.6	11.3702	Pta-9545	Pta-9545		530	25	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age
	536.532	79.5427	Pta-9546	Pta-9546		1550	80	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Happy Rest facies
	1587.37	65.3766	Pta-9547	Pta-9547		320	40	charcoal			conventional 14C	Iron Age	Later Iron Age			Madikwe facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/RAM

SVL

environment: Savanna Biome
site_context: settlement
site: Silver Leaves
country: South Africa
region: Limpopo
latitude: -23.88330078125
longitude: 30.200000762939
record: SVL
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

SVL_Radiocarbon

series: SVL_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1225.28	33.8502	Pta-2090	Pta-2090		860	35				conventional 14C	Iron Age				Eiland facies
	390.06	71.0397	Pta-2360	Pta-2360		1700	50				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Silver leaves facies
	388.864	60.4919	Pta-2459	Pta-2459		1700	40				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Silver leaves facies
	418.759	74.5469	Pta-901	Pta-901		1680	55				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Silver leaves facies
	1223.25	46.6946	Pta-911	Pta-911		850	50				conventional 14C	Iron Age				Eiland facies
	485.35	57.3214	Pta-914	Pta-914		1620	50				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Silver leaves facies

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/SVL

TAU

environment: Savanna Biome
site: Taukome
country: Botswana
region: Central District
latitude: -22.248100280762
longitude: 26.936599731445
record: TAU
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

TAU_Radiocarbon

series: TAU_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	817.816	88.6502	I-11407	I-11407		1265	80				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Zhizo facies
	838.968	90.0978	I-11410	I-11410		1240	80				conventional 14C	Iron Age	Early Iron Age			Zhizo facies
	1096.71	71.8564	Wits-409	Wits-409		995	75				conventional 14C	Iron Age				Toutswe Phase

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/TAU

TVH

site_context: settlement
site: Tavhatshena
country: South Africa
region: Limpopo
latitude: -23.205499649048
longitude: 29.915100097656
record: TVH
site_type: Archaeological

Data series

TVH_Radiocarbon

series: TVH_Radiocarbon
series_type: R_Dates
parameter_list: ~z,~z_range,r_technique,period,sub_period,context,sub_context,notes

	t	t_sigma	labcode	sample	qual	r_date	r_date_sigma	material	taxon	d13C	r_technique	period	sub_period	context	sub_context	notes
	1159.64	97.628	Wits-1437	Wits-1437		900	110				conventional 14C	Iron Age				Eiland facies
	1348.82	49.7051	Wits-1453	Wits-1453		660	80				conventional 14C	Iron Age				Icon facies
	1573.13	88.0453	Wits-1549	Wits-1549		370	80				conventional 14C	Iron Age

data_url: https://intchron.org/public.php?record=sadb/TVH

Publications

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bibtex

Bandama, F., Hall, S. and Chirikure, S. (2015) Eiland crucibles and the earliest relative dating for tin and bronze working in southern Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science, 62, pp.82-91. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2015.07.007 data publication
Campbell, A.C., van Waarden, C. and Holmberg, G. (1996) Variation in the Early Iron Age of Southeastern Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records, 28, pp.1-22. data publication
Huffman, T.N. (2007) Handbook to the Iron Age., University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. data
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