{"data_url":"https:\/\/intchron.org\/public.php?record=egyptdb\/Saqqara_Unas_Pyramid","json_application":"INTCHRON.Project","records":[{"site":"Saqqara Unas Pyramid","country":"Egypt","record":"Saqqara_Unas_Pyramid","longitude":31.21511681874593,"latitude":29.86826690038045,"file":"https:\/\/intchron.org\/archive\/EgyptDB\/EgyptDB20\/record\/Saqqara_Unas_Pyramid.json","file_data":{"json_application":"INTCHRON.Record:4","header":{"environment":"Desert edge","z_type":null,"z_basis":null,"z_units":null,"t_source":null,"suppress_t":null,"suppress_z":null,"record_comment":null,"site":"Saqqara Unas Pyramid","country":"Egypt","region":"Lower Egypt","latitude":29.86826690038045,"longitude":31.21511681874593,"elevation":0,"record":"Saqqara_Unas_Pyramid","site_type":"Archaeological","color":"rgb(204,204,0)"},"series_list":[{"series":"Radiocarbon","series_type":"R_Dates","parameter_list":"~z,~z_range,period,dynasty,reign,context,longitude,latitude","header_list":"","selected":true,"data":{"t":[-2921.87,-2851.72,-2624.2,-2587.38,-2591.91,-2398.07,-2532.01,-2584.62,-2548.93,-2599.18,-2661.74,-2622.78],"t_sigma":[173.279,163.967,110.521,105.215,103.91,76.7326,85.1118,103.404,88.99,154.938,170.89,114.165],"labcode":["ETH-0324","ETH-0456","ETH-13681","ETH-13682","ETH-13683","ETH-13684","ETH-13685","ETH-13686","ETH-13692","SMU-1373","SMU-1475","UCLA-1403"],"sample":["EDB_1044","EDB_1045","EDB_1046","EDB_1047","EDB_1048","EDB_1049","EDB_1050","EDB_1051","EDB_1052","EDB_1053","EDB_1054","EDB_1055"],"qual":["","","","","","","","","","","",""],"r_date":[4290,4255,4058,4036,4040,3921,4004,4035,4015,4041,4101,4055],"r_date_sigma":[100,100,55,55,53,48,51,54,51,100,126,60],"material":["charcoal","charcoal","charcoal","charcoal","charcoal","charcoal","charcoal","plant remains","charcoal","charcoal","charcoal","plant remains"],"taxon":["","","","","","","","straw","","","","reed"],"d13C":[-22.9,-25.9,-25.5,-27,-25.1,-25.1,-25.9,-3.8,-25.4,-25.9,-27.7,null],"period":["Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom","Old Kingdom\/1st Int."],"dynasty":[5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,0],"reign":["Unas","Unas","Unas","Unas","Unas","Unas","Unas","Unas","Unas","Unas","Unas",""],"context":["Pyramid of Unas.  Foundation masonry, we","Pyramid of Unas","Mortuary Temple of Unas","Mortuary Temple of Unas","Mortuary Temple of Unas","Mortuary Temple of Unas","Mortuary Temple of Unas","Pyramid of Unas","Pyramid of Unas","Mortuary Temple of Unas.  Interior north","Pyramid of Unas.  Inner core retaining w","Reed matting from bonding between mud-br"],"longitude":[31.215,31.215,31.215,31.215,31.215,31.215,31.215,31.215,31.215,31.215,31.215,31.2164],"latitude":[29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.8682,29.869]},"refs":["doi:10.1017\/s0033822200038558","doi:10.1017\/s0003598x00047979","doi:10.1524\/zaes.1976.103.jg.30"]}],"refs":["doi:10.1017\/s0033822200038558","doi:10.1017\/s0003598x00047979","doi:10.1524\/zaes.1976.103.jg.30"],"changed":true}}],"bibliography":[{"ref":"dee2012srd","firstauthor":"Dee","year":2012,"reftype":"article","author":"Dee, M W and Rowland, J M and Higham, T F G and Shortland, A J and Brock, F and Harris, S A and Bronk Ramsey, C","title":"Synchronising Radiocarbon Dating and the Egyptian Historical chronology by Improved Sample Selection","journal":"Antiquity","volume":"86","number":"333","pagefrom":868,"pageto":883,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/s0003598x00047979","doi":"10.1017\/s0003598x00047979","isbn":"","citation":"Dee et al., 2012","reference":"Dee, M.W., Rowland, J.M., Higham, T.F.G., Shortland, A.J., Brock, F., Harris, S.A. and Bronk Ramsey, C. (2012) Synchronising Radiocarbon Dating and the Egyptian Historical chronology by Improved Sample Selection. Antiquity, 86(333), pp.868-883. doi:10.1017\/s0003598x00047979"},{"ref":"bonani2001rdm","firstauthor":"Bonani","year":2001,"reftype":"article","author":"Bonani, G and Haas, H and Hawass, Z and Lehner, M and Nakhla, S and Nolan, J and Wenke, R and Wolfli, W","title":"Radiocarbon dates of old and Middle Kingdom monuments in Egypt","journal":"Radiocarbon","volume":"43","number":"3","pagefrom":1297,"pageto":1320,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033822200038558","doi":"10.1017\/s0033822200038558","isbn":"","citation":"Bonani et al., 2001","reference":"Bonani, G., Haas, H., Hawass, Z., Lehner, M., Nakhla, S., Nolan, J., Wenke, R. and Wolfli, W. (2001) Radiocarbon dates of old and Middle Kingdom monuments in Egypt. Radiocarbon, 43(3), pp.1297-1320. doi:10.1017\/s0033822200038558"},{"ref":"long1976aec","firstauthor":"Long","year":1976,"reftype":"article","author":"Long, R D","title":"Ancient Egyptian chronology, radiocarbon dating and calibration","journal":"Zeitschrift fur \\\"Agyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde","volume":"103","number":"1","pagefrom":30,"pageto":48,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1524\/zaes.1976.103.jg.30","doi":"10.1524\/zaes.1976.103.jg.30","isbn":"","citation":"Long, 1976","reference":"Long, R.D. (1976) Ancient Egyptian chronology, radiocarbon dating and calibration. Zeitschrift fur \u00c4gyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, 103(1), pp.30-48. doi:10.1524\/zaes.1976.103.jg.30"}],"compilation":{"by":"Christopher Ramsey","url":"https:\/\/intchron.org\/archive\/EgyptDB\/EgyptDB20\/index.json","updated":null,"retrieved":"2025-10-24T04:49:32+01:00"},"schema":"https:\/\/intchron.org\/schema"}